Monday, August 24, 2020

Accounting and Finance 992 Supermarkets

Question: Depict about the Accounting and Finance for 992 Supermarkets. Answer: Presentation: The report examines the center working exercises of the Woolworths Limited, and the advancement of organization against its key plans. It likewise incorporates the conversation about the issues rising up out of the chairpersons report, overseeing chiefs report, and corporate duty report. Alongside this, it breaks down the key money related proportions of the Woolworths Ltd and assesses the worth making of the organization as far as six capital throughout the year. Aside from this, it gives some proposal in regards to improving its proportion and evacuating the issues developed in the organization. Woolworths Limited: Introduction and center working exercises Woolworths Limited is an Australian retail organization established in 1924 with the ostensible capital of AUD 44063 (Woolworths constrained, 2015). It is positioned the second biggest Australian organization as far as income. The organization procures the most piece of its complete benefit from the markets and supermarkets in Australia. The Woolworths Ltd. is given occupation to around 190000 workers over the Australian economy. The Woolworths Ltd. includes general stores and petroleum, alcohol, Big W, ace home improvement, Hotels, money related help, Woolworths reward and ezibuy. Grocery stores and Petrol: The organization possesses around 992 general stores, 5 Thomas Dux markets, 184 Countdown supermarkets (in New Zealand), and 530 gas stations' (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Try Drinks Group: Woolworths maintain its business of alcohol online just as disconnected. 'Dan Murphys, BWS, Cellarmasters, Langtons and winemarket.com.au. are the primary divert of the organization in selling alcohol items (Annual Report, 2015). Huge W: The Woolworths restricted has approx 186 Big W rebate retail establishments over the Australia (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Equipment, programming, wellbeing excellence items, books and writing material, homewares, toys, athletic gear, attire, recorded media, car merchandise and pet food' are the primary items which are sold under the brand name of Big W stores. Bosses Home Improvement: This brand was created by the organization in the year 2011 that retails approx 35,000 items both disconnected and on the web (Annual Report, 2015). Paint, kitchens and kitchen machines, washroom and plumbing supplies, deck and tiles, lighting and fans, building supplies and lumber, stockpiling and cleaning supplies, adorning materials, electrical and equipment things and cultivating and outside living items are sold under the ace home improvement brand of the organization. Lodgings: The Woolworths Limited additionally works around 331 lodgings and cafés over the Australian economy with most of its auxiliary, Australian Leisure Hospitality Group (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Money related Services: The Woolworths cash contains Woolworths Money, which offers the budgetary types of assistance, which incorporates gift vouchers, Mastercards, reloadable Master Cards and exchanged protection items in the Australia (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Woolworths Rewards: The organization was begun the Woolworths Reward in 2007 all through the Australia that gives the award in types of limits and some other extraordinary offers. Ezibuy: Ezibuy gives the office of purchasing the attire and homeware on the web and disconnected. It is the main brand of the Woolworths in clothing and homeware list advertise (IBIS WOrld, 2016). Progress of organization against its key need: The Woolworths Ltd. is advancing on its procedure need successfully. The organization has decided its need to be driving association in food and alcohol industry, to build the abundance of its investors, and to keep the record of the Woolworths execution to go into new organizations (Woolworths Limited, 2015). The organization advanced on these needs. The organization had expanded overall gain, expanded deals, and piece of the overall industry. The organization conveyed exceptional administrations and pleased its clients by giving the quality items at a sound value that gave the sparing of $750 to its clients. It smoothens the way toward shopping and gives the clients simple access to stores with the assistance of web based business. It serves in excess of 2 billion clients for each day. The organization ran a crusade all the more sparing each day, which gave the uncommon decrease in the cost by 2.9%. it sprung a crusade direct from ranchers that gives the newness to the alcohol offe ring of the organization that made the deals and benefit of the organization increment. It built up a strip mall, which was recorded independently on the ASX that helped the organization in raising the capital of $500 million, which was utilized in procuring the 34 new lodgings for the inn division of the organization (Annual Report, 2015). This gave the organization the astounding advancement on its methodology. The organization advanced the internet shopping by ezibuy that expanded the business income of the organization. Aside from this, the organization put resources into the incredible gracefully chain that helped for the most part the home improvement and Big W division of the organization. Alongside this, it built up a database framework in which it records the client information, which causes it in following the requirements and wants of clients. Issues rising up out of chairpersons report: The director of the Woolworths Mr. Gordon Cairns uncovered a few issues in its report that the organization looked during the year 2015. The issues developed during the monetary year 2015 represented an unfriendly circumstance against the organization that is the reason the financial year 2015 was stayed with trying for the. From the report, it is discovered that the organization took up certain adjustments in the structure of the organization to build the client administrations with the end goal of giving them more prominent fulfillment and to expand the productivity of the organization. The organization constructs some critical changes in the senior supervisory group that influenced the center point of ability and aptitudes in the association (Annual Report, 2015). Since each new individuals acquire a few changes the association as they need to apply their own way to deal with the activity of the business. This jeopardized the issue of setting up the coordination and participation among the colleagues as new individuals were recruited in the administration. Aside from this, the organization likewise changed its methodology with the aim of improving the item conveyance to furnish the client with incredible experience of shopping in the retail location of the organization. It moved toward a model lean retailing which likewise influenced the deals of the organization in the monetary year 2015. Aside from this, Mr. Gordon Cairns expressed that the organization got its gathering deals diminished by 0.2 percent in 2015 that was the aftereffect of declined deals of fuel and the normal cost of fuel deals. Notwithstanding, the gainfulness of the organization has expanded, the organization has confronted a few issues in meeting its objective with respect to the piece of the pie and cost cutting. The working expense of the organization was somewhat expanded in the financial year 2015 over the earlier year. Issues rising up out of the report of Managing Director: The Managing Director of the Woolworths Limited recognized that even the organization picked up in 2015 yet not huge over the earlier year according to the objective was chosen about. The opposition level expanded in the market, which represented the solid circumstance against the Woolworths. It was confronted the opposition from the current just as the new access to the market. The aggravation in the worldwide economy, just as the declination of the monetary exercises, was influenced the development of the Woolworths. The lazy market development of the economy because of downturn influenced the development of the Woolworths. Alongside this, the overseeing executive told that the Woolworths Limited was flopped in supporting the impact of the adjustment in intrigue and conversion standard that was influenced its development and productivity in the worldwide economy (Annual Report, 2015). Aside from this, there are a few guidelines confined by the administration, which the organization needs to conform to. These guidelines given the cost expanded to the activity of the organization. It is additionally discovered that the organization was confronted issues in improving the client involvement with the strip malls and its stores because of its administration inadequacy. Besides, the organization doesn't possess the powerful appropriation framework that can give the product and conveyance of items to its clients and stores. It influences the piece of the overall industry and the deals of the organization. The organization had the hazard identified with the failure of the organization in conveying the items to t he clients at that point. Issues rising up out of the Corporate Responsibility Report: The Woolworths Limited is working under the manageability system since eight-year that it created to be the main association in the retail business and improve the client involvement with retail locations. The organization came to its objectives it chose under its corporate duty however bombed in accomplishing the goal of zero waste food to landfill in 2015. It confronted issues identifying with the human, decent variety of culture, condition and activity in achieving its corporate duties (Corporate Responsibility, 2015). The organization was set up a lean model that was intended to diminish the food waste to landfill. Be that as it may, because of the operational wastefulness of the organization, the model flopped in accomplishing the target. Key Financial proportions: Kinds of Ratio Equation Estimation of proportion Current proportion Current resources/Current liabilities 7,660.9/9,168.6 = 0.84 Exchange receivable Deals/indebted individuals and receivables 60868.40/885.2 = 68.76 Exchange receivable Deals/indebted individuals and receivables 60868.40/885.2 = 68.76 Resource turnover Deals income/Total resources 60868.40/25,336.8 =2.40 Stock Turn Over Cost of products sold/Inventory 44,344.8/4,872.2 =9.10 Net benefit Net benefit/Net sal

Saturday, August 22, 2020

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 1 - SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 1 - SLP - Essay Example (Atkins et al 2008) Political: Philippines has a genuinely settled law based political framework including the official, authoritative and legal branches. The CEO is the President with offices administered by Cabinet secretaries. Since the year 2000 when the previous president Joseph Estrada was denounced and expelled from office, the nation has experienced a few overthrows from the military and yearly arraignment of President Arroyo. She supplanted Estrada after the ‘bloodless revolution’ and was later authoritatively pronounced as the champ of the 2004 Presidential races. (Benson, 2005) Muslims in the south battled for self-sufficiency beginning during the 1960s and pockets of opposition are as yet present despite the fact that harmony understandings have been made. A few of these gatherings, most prominently the Abu Sayyaf, are falling back on psychological militant capturing exercises of outsiders. The Communist Party which is at present in political refuge in The Netherlands despite everything keeps up a progressive armed force in the nation. They are as yet working inside the bumpy territories. (CNDR/USAID, 2000) Monetary: Agriculture is the significant wellspring of pay however it has experienced low profitability, inadequate foundation backing and low economies of scale. Modern creation is presently becoming the dominant focal point as gadgets include 66% of fare items. A Texas instruments working in Baguio, one of its significant urban communities, produces 100% of the considerable number of chips utilized in Nokia and 80% of those utilized in Ericsson. Toshiba PCs were likewise created in Santa Rosa yet the plant has been changed over to deliver HDD. The re-appropriating industry is likewise developing as major U.S. call focuses exploit the English-talking capable populace. (Atkins et al, 2008) The nation has additionally observed a vast greater part of its workforce going in different nations for business and has prompted the Overseas Filipino Workers Remittances economy. Ordinary goals incorporate the Middle East, China, Canada,

Friday, July 17, 2020

Top Movies 2016 for Holiday Time

Top Movies 2016 for Holiday Time Films You Should See Before the Upcoming New Year Home›Tips for Students›Films You Should See Before the Upcoming New Year Tips for StudentsFor true movie lovers, there is a great news: new film preview of the upcoming pieces of cinematography for everyone to pamper him or herself on holidays. If you still don’t have all your holiday evenings planned, consider watching some of this gripping films.Best films to watch1. ‘Passengers’, December 21 An exciting action-thriller starring Jennifer Lawrence and Chris Pratt. As a spaceship is on its quite long journey to another planet, the travelers Jim and Aurora are woken up too early from hibernation and have to deal with this unexpected reality, each other, and the danger on the brink of which they all appear.2. Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, December 16 This an upcoming movie is filmed in the best traditions of the Star Wars saga. However, it is a standalone film which reveals the story of the Galaxy and Rebel right before the e vents of the original Star Wars. Collecting such stars as Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelson and others, this movie is thrilling and can be seen by even non-fans of the saga.3. La La Land, December 9 If you are up to something romantic and cheerful, a musical ‘La La Land’ is a must-see. Starring Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone as main characters, an actress and a jazz musician, with great expectations but crushed hopes, the film reveals their struggle for dreams accompanied by beautiful singing, dancing and playing the instrument.4. Collateral Beauty, December 16 Another option in our holiday movie preview is a drama film ‘Collateral Beauty’ with the impressive cast: Will Smith, Kate Winslet, Keira Knightley, Edward Norton and others. The heart-breaking story of an advertising executive (Will Smith), whose inability to handle the life tragedy leads to him retreating from life joy. While seeking the answers from the Universe, Will Smith’s encounters unexpected response.5 . Why Him, December 23 The list won’t be complete without a romantic comedy right on Christmas night and there is one for you. ‘Why Him’ tells the story of one overprotective parent (starring Bryan Cranston), his charming daughter (Zoey Deutch) and her absolutely inappropriate billionaire boyfriend (James Franco). As you might guess, the dad goes to great length in order to save his daughter from the paws of unbearable guy. Choose something from this list of best holiday movies and spend an amazing holiday evening with your friends, family of partner. Enjoy watching!

Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Literacy And The Classroom Environment - 791 Words

Educators are charged with not only teaching the content of their subject, but also responsible for creating a learning environments that fosters communication, engagement, and reflection so that the students will be prepared for their future careers and learning. Creating a classroom that fosters reading and writing is one way to engage students while promoting that they reflect on the material and communicate their understanding or misconceptions of the content. In order to form a literacy-rich classroom educators need to increase the amount of time students interact with all forms of print and literacy and the classroom environment is an essential key to setting the precedent and model behaviors that will make students more successful and capable of high level learning. (Tyson, 2013) To build a classroom that is literacy-rich I would need to include materials that no only align to the curriculum, but also encourage students to practice reading and writing skills. In addition to my content posters and anchor charts, I would like to integrate a more interactive word wall through the idea of images and examples of the words rather that a static list. Additionally, I want to increase my student access to digital media and will be using my classroom student computers to make this happen. Furthermore, my key goal this year is to start a classroom library. Currently, I have cleaned out an entire section of my classroom bookshelf to go towards this endeavor. I only have a fewShow MoreRelatedLiteracy Rich Environment For Early Childhood Classrooms821 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The article, Literacy-Rich Environments, by The Access Center, informs the reader on the several ways to create a literacy rich environment for early childhood classrooms. Literacy development needs to be supported from the very beginning of a child’s life. Due to culture, some students will enter school without any prior knowledge of literacy (The Access Center, 2007). It is the duty of the educator to facilitate literacy development, and provide students with an environment full of opportunitiesRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Study Was To Examine The Quality Of1200 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine the quality of the literacy environment in inclusive early childhood special education (ECSE) classroom. There was two focuses in the study. The first, was to describe the quality of the literacy environment in terms of the structure and instruction. This includes book materials, print and writing materials. The other focus was to examine the interrelationship among teacher and classroom factors and quality of the structural literacy of the literacy environment. The importance of the structuralRead MorePurpose. The Purpose Of The Study Was To Examine The Quality877 Words   |  4 Pagesexamine the quality of the literacy environment in inclusive earl childhood special education (ECSE) classroom. There was two focuses in the study. The first, was to describe the quality of the literacy environment on terms of the structure and instruction. This includes book materials, print and writing materials. The other focus was to examine the interrelationship among teacher and classroom factors and quality of the structural literacy of the literacy environment. The importance of the structuralRead MoreIndigenous Literacies And Aboriginal English1461 Words   |  6 Pagesa teacher to recognise Indigenous literacies and Aboriginal English in your classroom? It is vital for teachers to recognise indigenous literacies and aboriginal English in all classrooms as it builds a sense of equality and a non-discriminating environment. As a future teacher I believe that it is my role to create a classroom that mirrors these key factors, as it will build the foundations for a nourishing learning environment. This type of learning environment will aid in linking the students parentsRead More Teaching Students Ecological Literacy In the Secondary English Classroom1696 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching Students Ecological Literacy In the Secondary English Classroom In todays world, we are bombarded with industry, economic advancement, and progressivism with new technology. As our world becomes more high tech and produces more products for our consumer world, we may soon face many environmental problems, due to our over-consumption of resources and our excessive, industrial lifestyles. Within all curriculums, I find it highly important to address these issues concerningRead MoreStandards for Teaching in the Modern Classroom1411 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the last century literacy and the definition of being literate has changed and evolved. No longer are teachers at an advantage by creating curriculums based on traditional lessons of ‘reading and ‘writing’. One must now incorporate every day language, and cultural influences, including technology to enhance the learning experience (Callow, 2011). Within the classroom, context and it’s various forms are highlighted (McDonald, 2013), and children are b enefiting greatly from the allowanceRead MoreEssay on Critical Literacy and Pedagogy1412 Words   |  6 Pagesget our knowledge through, critical literacy is a valuable tool and ability that should be recalled and available for all readers. More specific, it should be transferred by teachers to students in all educational environment. It is an important ability for students to have towards texts. And redefining texts to any devices or materials that we are getting the knowledge from, is the first step toward understanding critical literacy. Beside how critical literacy spreads the awareness of looking atRead MoreUnderstanding a Literacy-Rich Environment1769 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿What is a literacy-rich environment? A literacy rich environment is essential for any emerging reader. Emerging literacy reflects childrens natural growth and awareness of print in the environment (Genisio Drecktrah, 1999, p. 227) and therefore the environment has to contain suffient enough manifestations of this print and other literacy material presented in an attractive way without overwhelming the child. Clearly, literacy-rich environments are of value. They allow children to practiceRead MoreThe Role of Multicultural Literature Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesno knowledge of English before entering the school environment. According to the National Center of Educational Statistics (2013), an estimated 4.7 million or ten percent of the public school population are ELL students (NCES 2013). When formally entering the classroom for the first time, and depending on their prior experience with English, there are many ELL students who have a difficult time fitting into the American context of their classroom due to cultu ral conflicts and language barriers (HakutaRead MoreMultimodal Literacy And The Classroom935 Words   |  4 PagesWhen dealing with the education of literacy it is easy to saturate the children with information that is only apparent to a certain percentage of the cohort. Using a multimodal based literacy plan allows for the median in which the information is delivered to be a lot more accessible to a greater percentage of the classroom. Multimodal literacy is one that is apparent in multi-facets of teaching fields and can be implicated into the classroom without the teacher being aware. Understanding the full

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Human Rights And Social Justice - 1735 Words

Introduction: Many of us cannot go a whole day without having a single meal, and if one does, it would make it extremely difficult for one to find the energy and ability to focus on school or work. But for many, not having food and finding it is part of their everyday struggle (â€Å"30 Hour Famine Team,† 2011). Many around the world and in America, may not think that in the United States alone there were 15.3 million children who lived in food-insecure households in 2014 (â€Å"Feeding America,† 2016). This makes the job of social workers difficult because it is very devastating to watch children go hungry. In our group presentation, the main topic we chose that relates to human rights and social justice is, child hunger, my paper will be focused on the contributions I presented. Human rights/ social justice issue: As developing social work professionals, the National Association of Social Workers (2016) discusses that; we are established through social change in order to ensure that all people maintain equal access to the resources and opportunities that allow them to meet their basic needs (â€Å"NASW,† 2016). There are millions of children who are living in food-insecure homes that go unrecognized. Food-insecure as mentioned in America Psychological Association (2016) means that, â€Å"at some point during the year, the household had limited access to an adequate supply of food due to lack of money or other resources† (para. 2). This creates a human rights issue because according to theShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights And Fights For Social Justice Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced generalist practitioner to conduct research in order to engage in meaningful social work practice. This essentially means that someone who engages in advanced g eneralist practice is someone who incorporates various theories and methodologies into research and assessment to create a meaningful practice that advances human rights and fights for social justice. Research can mean everything to a social justice issue in terms of expanding knowledge and aiding in helping a particular cause. WithoutRead MoreSocial Justice And The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1148 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social justice is a long debated subject that continues to prove controversial and divisive all over the world. Opinions on what constitutes social justice vary on a continuum from more conservative opinions which note individual responsibility to a more liberal stance which promotes a moral responsibility to support social equality (Mapp, 2008). Despite the varying opinions of what establishes social justice, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) serves as the first stepRead MoreHistorical Events, Trends, Human Rights, Social, And Economic Justice2332 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The following generational interview was conducted with my co-worker in early childhood intervention, the purpose of this essay is discuss historical events, trends, human rights, social and economic justice, social environment and human behavior over the last sixty-years. In order to discuss some of these socio-political trends and culture, a series of interview questions was asked in regards to P. Fields personal experiences from the early 1940’s to now. The individual of my choiceRead MoreConsidering Rawls Assumption That The Main Body Responsible For Distributing The Rights Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesConsidering Rawls assumption that the main body responsible for distributing the rights and duties in the society are the institutions, it is important to define what are the rights and duties that the institutions are responsible for guaranteeing. According to Miller (1999, p. 7) the advantages, or rights that should be distributed by the institutions are the following: money and commodities, property, jobs, education, medical care, child benefits and child care, personal security, housing, transportationRead MoreOverlapping Priorities And Goals Of Hre, Gce And Sje980 Words   |  4 Pagesintertwine ‘old and ‘new’ education programs and creating this overlap in priorities. Having this in mind, recall that under the UDHR, HRE was meant to make students aware of their international rights, and how to claim them. Thus, initially, in the 1950s HRE was a way to dissipate knowledge about human rights, however, over time, this view evolved. During the 1990s there was an increase of intra-state war due to inter-ethnic and sectarian conflicts, hence the U.N. expanded the goals of HRE to includeRead MoreJustice, Harmony, And Virtue1437 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of justice is mainly based on the rights and roles of individuals living in any organized society. Justice seeks to ensure a healthy relationship between individuals on issues such as the resolution of conflicts and fair deals. People may perpetuate wrong or suffer because other people’s actions. People are subject to punishments and penalties or protected and given restitution depending on what justice requires of them. Justice is an interpersonal issue that seeks to uphold the right and theRead MoreComparison Of American And Chinese Legal Culture1609 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of American and Chinese legal culture Abstract: The legal culture is a national, regional or national basis in certain social and material conditions, the state power by the creation of a common legal system constraints and determine the status of the legal system of values and attitudes in the whole society and culture. Thus, each country has its own unique legal culture. 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Injustice carries with it the potential to trigger life events that negatively affect individuals’ health, lifestyle, and relationships with family members, friends, and the workplace (Hays Erford, 2014). Currently, in the United States, there are many and more individuals and groups who struggle to overcome past and present prejudices in the areas of housing, educationRead MoreMartin Luther King’S Vision For Beloved Community Stands1252 Words   |  6 Pagesdesire for human harmony, transcending the lines of racial, ethnic, cultural, gender, and social stratification. It aims to acknowledge and respect the imago Dei, rather than objectify the human individual. It shouts for the display of justice at, both, the local and global landscapes. The call for justice i.e., social justice, dominates conversational points throughout the media, town- hall meetings, demonstrations, and Sunday sermons. There remains, however, an affiliated point of justice rarely considered

English 100 is a course that is basically designed to assist the students Free Essays

English 100 is a very important course as far as our college education is concerned. It is the basic foundation for our higher education. It equips us with skills which help us to cope with the challenges which we are bound to encounter as we pursue our college education. We will write a custom essay sample on English 100 is a course that is basically designed to assist the students or any similar topic only for you Order Now English 100 is a course that is basically designed to assist the students to develop critical writing and reading skills. It is a build up for what we learned in the high school only this time we are required to adapt to a college way of thinking. To be a successful student in this crucial course one must do things in the right way. In this paper I will take you through what you should do so that at the end of it all you can come out shining. It is based on my own experience as an English 100 student and also tips taken from the various     experts of this area. One of the biggest asset you have as a student is time, how you mange it will determine your destiny as a student as it will greatly influence your performance in this course and your studies in general. It is very important that you take control of your time as a student in this course. You should make a plan on how you are going to utilize your time as far as this course is concerned. You should prioritize the most urgent and important activities giving them ample time so that you can produce quality work which will earn you good grades. You will be given many assignments which will require your input, if you plan your time well late submission of papers will not affect you. Late submission is highly penalized and it is something you can easily avoid through managing your time properly. You should make a time table early enough allocating areas which you feel you are weak more time than the other to get enough time to tackle them. It is also important to allocate some time for interaction with your fellow students so that you can learn from them also. (Lannon, J 11 2006) Class attendance allows the student to have an interactive session with the instructors and the other students. You should make a point of attending the classes regularly to ensure you gain maximally .If by any chance miss any lesson make sure you ask what was covered and go through it before the next session. Through this you ensure that you at no any time   Ã‚  you lag behind in your studies. While in class you should participate actively without fear of making mistakes. It is only through making these mistakes that you will learn to be confident. We all learn from the mistakes we make now and then, just bear in mind nobody is perfect. If your fellow colleagues we perfect surely you would not be seated in the same class with them learning this course, they would be somewhere else. It is also very important that you learn to respect other people opinions; at no time should you laugh at other people mistakes as this can affect your studies negatively. This is a very interactive course where you will learn greatly from the other, that is why you should at all cost try to maintain good relations with your fellow students and also with the instructors. (Lannon, J 18 2006) Instructors are there for us and we should make every effort to utilize them to our advantage. Any difficulties that you may be experiencing should be discussed with your instructor. Always book an appointment with your instructor to avoid disappointment since there are other students who require the same kind of help from them. Group work has helped me a lot in polishing my writing skills as I have been able to get some vital tips from my fellow students. It is also in group work where your work can be read by the other student and get their opinion about it. On the other hand you will have a chance to go through their piece of work and offer advice where necessary.   Always give an honest opinion about your colleagues work but at the same time bearing in mind not to hurt their feelings as this may come to haunt you later. Note taking is an essential part of this course; it is advisable that you develop an accurate method of taking notes which can be referred to later when revising. Aim at noting all the important points you come across either in the cause of group discussion or class lectures. (Lannon, J 39 2006) How to cite English 100 is a course that is basically designed to assist the students, Papers

Saturday, April 25, 2020

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essay Example

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Richardson 1 Cody Richardson Mr. Payne Music Lit Troubadours The birth of troubadours resided in the rich culture of early 12th century France. They are considered by some to be the frontrunners of secular music. Many were persecuted and killed for their music by the Catholic Church. Troubadours carried the main theme of love in all of their songs. Songs consisting of many different kinds of love were played in courts and sometimes at public meetings. These songs always had to be appropriate for the courts that they were played. Troubadour music in some courts may have even been considered to be racy in current times. The songs helped to show the growing equalities amongst the classes. All troubadours had to show a massive understanding of the intricacies and interworking of the female mind in order to stay on the line of perversion, without crossing it. Most troubadours came from rich courtly families, who were well educated in Catholic schools. The troubadours were groundbreaking individuals who had to persevere through persecution of religious groups, class, and finding a place in their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). A troubadour was not merely a musician who played other musicians music. They were well versed in the music advances of their time. Troubadours were able to write their own music and compose their own songs. The most highly noted troubadours would only Richardson 2 play for small groups of people, usually in courts. Many of these well-established troubadours would never play for public events. Instead they would allow other musicians to play their music in their place. Not all troubadours were in the same class of wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The type of payment received was decided by the amount of money a certain troubadour already possessed. Some independently wealthy troubadours only wanted fame and women as their rewards for singing in the courts. Others helped to spread the fame of a wealthier troubadour by traveling to other courts and playing their music for them. In return the poorer troubadours would receive funds, that one-day might allow them to climb the latter of success. There were also those troubadours who just wanted to play to gain love of a woman. To help them in their endeavors, many troubadours hired assistants called jongleurs (Jinright 1). Jongleurs helped troubadours perform their music. Having many different skills in all areas of performing allowed them to fill in wherever they were needed. Jongleurs had skills outside of just playing music and singing. Most jongleurs were well versed in skills such as juggling or dancing. Jongleurs created the raw materials for the troubadours to sculpt and use to create their songs. They were used to make up all the missing pieces that a show needed. Jongleurs were known to travel across countries from France to England for the opportunity to play a part in a troubadour’s performance. These traveling performers were the less educated, mainly lower class musicians, trying to make a living. Although some jongleurs possessed a considerable amount skill, they were never compared to the skills of the troubadour in charge of the show. Many times the skills of Richardson 3 jongleurs were overlooked or credited to the troubadour they were working under (Cheyette 78-86). Many troubadours came about due to the direct education of the Catholic Church. Catholic schools helped to teach and sculpt rich courtly children into having the power to create secular music. As troubadours began to flourish, Catholic churches began to feel attacked by their music. Many Catholic schools started screening their applicants to try and reduce the amount of troubadours that would be educated through catholic schools. Around 1209, after failed attempts by many Catholic institutions were made to convert nobility and their troubadours, a war began. The Catholic Church believed that secular music about love was a great sin that needed to be dealt with. After Simon of Montfort crushed the first poorly organized resistance of nobles, many troubadours fled and some decided to stay and fight as part of the Occitanian resistance. In 1216 the resistance defeated Simon and sent him home. Over one hundred years later the Pope decided to send inquisitors in to France, as a response to Simon of Montfort’s loss. This second effort was successful in ending the resistance. Many troubadours were burned alive and others were imprisoned (Jinright 1). Even after the major rise and fall of the troubadours, their ideas lived on through their music. They were the revolutionary thinkers of their time. Troubadours brought new ideas to the way of thinking in many different areas of life. Troubadours were able to express their views on both love and war. They were not afraid to express even the most erotic details of love or talk of epic battles, full of knightly honor. The lords and ladies of Richardson 4 medieval noble houses got bored with listening to work created in monasteries. The people of the time became more interested in music that told stories. Songs were created by the finest troubadours try and let citizens know about the crusades. Almost all songs talked of the victories won by fellow citizens who had ventured off to join the crusades. Their stories became similar to movies of our day about love and war. The songs gave young men and women ideal examples of how to treat each other. Knights heard these songs sung and tried to model their lives after the heroes from the stories. Some believe troubadours created the act of chivalry with their music. Chivalry is one of the only legacies still living left by the troubadours (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). Chivalry is one thing the troubadours gave to society that can never be taken away by time. The Catholic Church had a big role in killing many other parts of the troubadour’s legacy almost completely. Much of the songs created in medieval times were lost do to the teachings of the Catholic Church. The church taught that only religious songs could be written down and saved. Troubadours had to memorize all of their songs they created in order to have anything to play. Making it more difficult for any artist to prosper, who was trying to create secular music. This made for the creation of much easier songs that could be remembered with just listening. The songs were very simple and usually sung with a single melodic line. The troubadours composed their music by joining a single note of music with a single syllable of text. Sometimes they would add in many notes bring sung to a single syllable of text.. Troubadour’s songs form was often very free flowing. Some songs could be strophic in form as well. The church also taught that God did not want composers Richardson 5 to take credit for their songs. No single troubadour could own his or her own songs because they did not have the ability to write them down. If a troubadour heard another artist’s song, they must simply be able to remember it and then go sing it. The rules of the Catholic Church made it impossible for most of the troubadour’s songs to be saved. Most of the footprints left by the troubadours can be seen through the careful study of how their music affected the society of their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). The change from a Catholic Church dominated society to a free thinking more secular society was brought on strongly by the troubadours. They created revolutionary thoughts that spread against the Catholic way of thinking, every time they performed. They changed music forever in ways that were felt much later down the road. Chivalry is seen and practiced in every country around the world. Troubadour’s songs of love and war have been translated into movies. Movies about true love and about treating women a certain way, are produced every year. Action movies are produced showing courage and giving examples of great heroes. They all serve the same purpose as the songs did for the people of the medieval era. It allows people to imagine themselves as characters in the story and strive to be more like them one day. Most of today’s society probably does not know how its entertainment originated. It came from the revolutionary thinkers of the medieval times. They defied the church and created their own way of life. Many troubadours paid for these songs of revolution with their lives. Although there music is lost, their contributions to society will never be forgotten (Jinright 1).